Side-Green.Com - Raising weaver ants for Natural Pest Control in Crop Cocoa - weaver ants as natural pest controllers have been widely studied and known throughout the world. Indonesia also has Merakan benefits. It is as written by Wulan Tri Widya Lestari, SP (POPT First Expert Class II Agriculture Quarantine Gorontalo). In the article entitled Potential Utilization of weaver ants (Oecophylla smaradigna) as Natural Enemies in Cocoa Planting.
Here is the article about the Potential Use of weaver ants (Oecophylla smaradigna) as Natural Enemies in Cocoa Planting.
Cocoa plants (Theobrema cacao L.) is a plant originating from South America. Is an annual plant in the form of a tree. From the seeds of this plant produced refined products known as chocolate. Cocoa is one of the plantation crops which have a reasonably good economic value and large market opportunity. It can be seen from the world market demand is likely to increase.
Indonesia is one country that has the most extensive cocoa plantations in the world and is also the country's third largest cocoa producer after Ivory Coast and Ghana. But most of the cocoa produced is about 13% of bulk cocoa. The development of the cocoa plant wide reaching 8% annually of which 90% is owned plantations in anataranya people. Early entry of cocoa trees in Indonesia started in 1560 in Sulawesi.
Here is the article about the Potential Use of weaver ants (Oecophylla smaradigna) as Natural Enemies in Cocoa Planting.
Cocoa plants (Theobrema cacao L.) is a plant originating from South America. Is an annual plant in the form of a tree. From the seeds of this plant produced refined products known as chocolate. Cocoa is one of the plantation crops which have a reasonably good economic value and large market opportunity. It can be seen from the world market demand is likely to increase.
Indonesia is one country that has the most extensive cocoa plantations in the world and is also the country's third largest cocoa producer after Ivory Coast and Ghana. But most of the cocoa produced is about 13% of bulk cocoa. The development of the cocoa plant wide reaching 8% annually of which 90% is owned plantations in anataranya people. Early entry of cocoa trees in Indonesia started in 1560 in Sulawesi.
In doing cocoa cultivation there is a problem often faced by Indonesian farmers pest attacks (OPT), a decrease in the level of productivity, poor quality cocoa beans resulting from farm management practices that are less good and market of chain trading system signals a lack of respect of quality seeds, plants are old, and management of land resources is less precise.
Problem pest attack (OPT) resulted in yield losses up to 30% each year there is even an important disease that can result in death of the plant so that the cultivation is generally about 40% of the production costs are allocated to the cost of pest control.
Farmers in Indonesia in general control pests on cocoa crops using chemical insecticides. The use of chemical insecticides that are not appropriate will bring bad effects, is more detrimental than the benefits produced, among others, could cause pest resistance, emergence of secondary pests, environmental pollution and product rejection due to problems residues exceeding the tolerance threshold. To mengtasi these problems, it is necessary to reform the way crops are environmentally sound.
Handling of environmentally sound pest conducted using integrated pest management (IPM). IPM is a concept or paradigm that is dynamic, not static, which always adapts to the dynamics of agricultural ecosystems and socio-economic systems and the cultivation of the local community. The use of chemical insecticides replaced with controls that are simple, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly, among others, the use of pesticides by utilizing vegetable plants, the use of natural enemies such as parasitoids, predators, pathogens and insects, as well as the use of compounds / materials insect repellent.
Utilization of biological agents or natural enemies for the control of plant pests (OPT) is most effectively used. One example of natural enemies to control CPB and Helopelthis spp. such predators are weaver ants (Oecophylla smaradigna).
Weaver ants (Oecophylla Smaragdina) including insects in the order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Weaver ants is renowned for his ability to create a unique nest in the treetops. Although it does not have the sting, also famous weaver ants bite that feels hot, because of the poison dikeluarkanya able to attack the nerves. The size of a large body of elongated, reddish brown or green. These ants are social insects, living in a society called koloni.Terdapat two species of Oecophylla smaragdina weaver ants are spread across India, South East Asia to Australia and Oecophylla longinoda spread across the African continent.
As social insects, weaver ants do all activities together, such as the exploration of the region, securing the colony from predators and enemies, foraging, and nesting. Weaver ants are aggressive predators and are often used as biocontrol agents of pest control in tropical plantations to increase crop production, as is done in Australia cashew farmers and farmers in Vietnam. Besides being used as pest control agents, weaver ants can be used directly as a source of protein and fatty acids, especially the larvae of ants that can be eaten directly. In some countries, delicacy of weaver ants have a very high price, and harvested in large quantities, in this way the social weaver ants contribute to the local economy. In northern Thailand the price of weaver ant larvae twice the price of good quality beef. In addition some of these benefits, weaver ants are also used as one means of medical treatment as done in China and India. In our country, the eggs and larvae of weaver ants commonly used as feed the birds chirping.
It has been shown that the presence of weaver ants can provide multiple benefits to our environment, either directly or indirectly.
Naturally weaver ants will do activities since hatched and began to walk. But as an adult weaver ants will do the job of each individual in the colony based on reproductive function, which can be divided into two parts, namely the reproductive ants and ant nonreproduktif.
Under normal conditions, good neighborhood nest, temperature, light intensity, and the availability of adequate food, weaver ant queen capable of laying 240 s / d 700 eggs per day in the form of a mound of half a drop of water, continuously for 12 months before finally dead.
These eggs will be distributed throughout the colony nest by worker ants by attaching each egg into the nest wall. With absorbs oxygen in the surrounding air, the protein content in egg will grow into an embryo that is aided by the injection of nutrients in the form of fructose to be a worker ant larvae will hatch and on day 16.
Leather outer egg oecophylla species do not form shells or cocoons like other species, is because adult ants use them to create a web of silk to the colony nest.
Reproductive ants consists of a queen and male. Queen and male holding a decisive role in the breeding colony. From the queen of the colony will produce all the elements, such as the queen candidates, male ant, ant guards, as well as worker ants. It takes approximately 6 months as after hatching for queen candidates to be able to reach maturity in the reproductive process.
Don't forget, read also:
Some Research About Weaver Ants as a Natural Pest Control
Problem pest attack (OPT) resulted in yield losses up to 30% each year there is even an important disease that can result in death of the plant so that the cultivation is generally about 40% of the production costs are allocated to the cost of pest control.
Farmers in Indonesia in general control pests on cocoa crops using chemical insecticides. The use of chemical insecticides that are not appropriate will bring bad effects, is more detrimental than the benefits produced, among others, could cause pest resistance, emergence of secondary pests, environmental pollution and product rejection due to problems residues exceeding the tolerance threshold. To mengtasi these problems, it is necessary to reform the way crops are environmentally sound.
Handling of environmentally sound pest conducted using integrated pest management (IPM). IPM is a concept or paradigm that is dynamic, not static, which always adapts to the dynamics of agricultural ecosystems and socio-economic systems and the cultivation of the local community. The use of chemical insecticides replaced with controls that are simple, inexpensive, and environmentally friendly, among others, the use of pesticides by utilizing vegetable plants, the use of natural enemies such as parasitoids, predators, pathogens and insects, as well as the use of compounds / materials insect repellent.
Utilization of biological agents or natural enemies for the control of plant pests (OPT) is most effectively used. One example of natural enemies to control CPB and Helopelthis spp. such predators are weaver ants (Oecophylla smaradigna).
Weaver ants (Oecophylla Smaragdina) including insects in the order Hymenoptera, family Formicidae. Weaver ants is renowned for his ability to create a unique nest in the treetops. Although it does not have the sting, also famous weaver ants bite that feels hot, because of the poison dikeluarkanya able to attack the nerves. The size of a large body of elongated, reddish brown or green. These ants are social insects, living in a society called koloni.Terdapat two species of Oecophylla smaragdina weaver ants are spread across India, South East Asia to Australia and Oecophylla longinoda spread across the African continent.
As social insects, weaver ants do all activities together, such as the exploration of the region, securing the colony from predators and enemies, foraging, and nesting. Weaver ants are aggressive predators and are often used as biocontrol agents of pest control in tropical plantations to increase crop production, as is done in Australia cashew farmers and farmers in Vietnam. Besides being used as pest control agents, weaver ants can be used directly as a source of protein and fatty acids, especially the larvae of ants that can be eaten directly. In some countries, delicacy of weaver ants have a very high price, and harvested in large quantities, in this way the social weaver ants contribute to the local economy. In northern Thailand the price of weaver ant larvae twice the price of good quality beef. In addition some of these benefits, weaver ants are also used as one means of medical treatment as done in China and India. In our country, the eggs and larvae of weaver ants commonly used as feed the birds chirping.
It has been shown that the presence of weaver ants can provide multiple benefits to our environment, either directly or indirectly.
Naturally weaver ants will do activities since hatched and began to walk. But as an adult weaver ants will do the job of each individual in the colony based on reproductive function, which can be divided into two parts, namely the reproductive ants and ant nonreproduktif.
Under normal conditions, good neighborhood nest, temperature, light intensity, and the availability of adequate food, weaver ant queen capable of laying 240 s / d 700 eggs per day in the form of a mound of half a drop of water, continuously for 12 months before finally dead.
These eggs will be distributed throughout the colony nest by worker ants by attaching each egg into the nest wall. With absorbs oxygen in the surrounding air, the protein content in egg will grow into an embryo that is aided by the injection of nutrients in the form of fructose to be a worker ant larvae will hatch and on day 16.
Leather outer egg oecophylla species do not form shells or cocoons like other species, is because adult ants use them to create a web of silk to the colony nest.
Reproductive ants consists of a queen and male. Queen and male holding a decisive role in the breeding colony. From the queen of the colony will produce all the elements, such as the queen candidates, male ant, ant guards, as well as worker ants. It takes approximately 6 months as after hatching for queen candidates to be able to reach maturity in the reproductive process.
Don't forget, read also:
Some Research About Weaver Ants as a Natural Pest Control
1 comments:
Thanks for the information appreciated been reading for awhile, and just wanted to let you know I continue to enjoy your writing.
BalasPest Control Service Point Cook