Side-Green.Com - Borobodur The Largest Temple in Indonesia - Borobodur temple is the largest Buddhist monument in the world. Built during the Sailendra dynasty King Samaratungga of the year 824. Borobudur was built 300 years before Angkor Wat in Cambodia and 400 years before the great cathedrals in Europe. Borobudur has an area of 123x123 m² with 504 Buddha statues, stupas overlay 72 and 1 main stupa. Gupta beraksitektur form of this temple that reflects the influence of India. After a visit here you will understand why Borobudur has an attraction for visitors and an icon of Indonesia's cultural heritage.
This temple as if a giant puzzle composed of 2 million blocks of volcanic stone, carved such that interlock with one another. International organizations of the United Nations once admits that UNESCO praised as one of the Borobudur Buddhist monument in the world. In this temple there are 2672 relief panels are arranged in a row if it extends for 6 km. Ensemble relief is the most complete in the world and an unparalleled artistic value as well as every scene is a complete masterpiece. Since the middle of the 9th century until the early 11th century, Borobudur temple into a Buddhist pilgrim from China, India, Tibet, and Cambodia. Borobudur Temple became one of the most important historical traces in the development of human civilization. The grandeur and architectural grandeur of Borobudur is a marvelous world treasure and priceless.
Borobudur consists of 1460 relief panels and 504 stupas. However, the panel that has been seen is not yet complete as there are 160 panels were intentionally dumped because relief is considered vulgar and obscene. The panels were located at the very bottom, contains scenes of Silk Karmawibhangga (causation). There is also a state that hoarding is to strengthen the bottom part of the foundation found that since the beginning has been severely damaged.
Borobudur was built during the 75 years under the leadership of architect Gunadarma with 60,000 cubic meters of volcanic rock from Elo and the Progo River is located about 2 km east of the temple. When the metric system was not yet known and the unit of length that is used to build the temple of Borobudur is calculated tuning by stretching the thumb and middle finger, or measure the length of the hair from the forehead to the base of the chin.
Based on the inscription Karangtengah and Kahulunan, historian JG de Casparis estimate Borobudur founder was the king of the Sailendra dynasty of ancient Mataram named Samaratungga, and building this temple around 824 AD The giant new building could be completed at the time of her daughter, Queen Pramudawardhani. Borobudur Development estimated take half a century.
At first, this temple is estimated as a place of worship. J.G. de Casparis Sambhāra Bhudhāra estimates that Bhumi in Sanskrit which means "Mount of the set of ten levels boddhisattwa virtue", was the original name of Borobudur. Most historians also stated that Borobudur name is derived from Sanskrit is "Vihara Buddha Uhr" which means "the Buddhist Monastery on the Mount".
The temple is located in Central Java, on a hilltop overlooking lush rice fields in the hills tenuous. Coverage area is very large, measuring 123 x 123 meters. Turns Borobudur was built on top of an ancient lake. In the past, the region is the outcome of various streams. Because lava buried sediments then become plain. At the end of the eighth century, King Samaratungga of Sailendra Dynasty then build Borobudur led architect named Gunadharma finite completion of 746 Saka or 824 AD.
This monument is a stunning Buddhist architecture and the second largest after Ankor Wat temple in Cambodia. The building area is 15,129 m² Borobudur is composed of 55,000 m³ of stone, consisting of 2 million pieces of rocks. The average stone size 25 x 10 x 15 cm. The length of the whole piece of stone weighing 500 miles total 1.3 million tons of rock. The walls of Borobudur Temple surrounded by pictures or reliefs which are a series of stories in 1460 terususun panel. The length of each panel is 2 feet. So if a series of reliefs that stretched the length of approximately 3 km relief totaled. The temple has 10 levels, where levels 1-6 of a square, while the rate of 7-10 circular. Statues found around the temple buildings totaling 504 units. Meanwhile , the high temple of the soil surface to the tip of the main stupa was 42 meters, 34.5 meters but now lives after being struck by lightning. The top part at the 10th level there is a large stupa diameter of 9.90 m , with a height of 7 m.
Borobudur temple like building. Cheops pyramid in Egypt Gizeh, difference, Borobudur has kepunden staircase pattern. Architectural and building stone temples is truly unparalleled. This temple was built without using cement. The structure is like a row of unity lego mutually reinforce and simultaneously made without glue at all. Sir Thomas Stanford Raffles found Borobudur in 1814 in a damaged condition and ordered that the site be cleaned and thoroughly studied. Borobudur existence was already known local population in the 18th century where the material previously buried by Mount Merapi.
Borobudur restoration project on a large scale and then starting from 1905 until 1910 . With the help of UNESCO, the second restoration to rescue Borobudur was carried out from August 1913 until 1983. The temple remains strong despite not maintained for ten centuries. 1970s the Indonesian government and UNESCO are working together to restore the grandeur of Borobudur. Improvements made to take eight years to complete and today Borobudur is one of the wonders and treasures of Indonesia and the world are precious.
A variety of disciplines involved in the reconstruction efforts undertaken by the Borobudur Temple Teodhorus 1911 van Erp, Professor. Dr. C. Coremans 1956, and Prof.Ir. Roosseno 1971. We should appreciate their efforts led the restoration of the temple given the various constraints and difficulties faced was not easy . 1991 finally Borobudur designated as World Heritage by UNESCO. Borobudur temple is decorated with stone carvings in relief representing an overview of the life of Buddha. Archaeologists claim that Borobudur temple has 1,460 circuit reliefs along the walls and platforms. Relief is the most complete and the largest in the world that is unmatched artistic value. Reading of the stories are always the starting relief, and ends on the east side of the gate at every level. The story starts from the left and ends on the right gate.
This monument is a shrine and place of pilgrimage of the Buddhist. Ten levels of the temple symbolize the three divisions of the Buddhist cosmic system. When you embark on a journey they pass through the base of the temple to get to the top, they will pass through the three levels of Buddhist cosmology and essentially a "clone" of the universe according to Buddhist teachings consists of three major parts, namely:
- World Kamadhatu or desire
- Rupadhatu or shaped the world
- Arupadhatu or formless worl
The whole monument itself resembles a giant stupa, but seen from above form a mandala. Large stupa at the top of the temple was 40 meters above the ground. The main dome is surrounded by 72 Buddha statues inside perforated stupa.
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